Articles | Volume 1, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/eo-1-59-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/eo-1-59-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Sep 2026
Research article |
| 04 Sep 2026
| 04 Sep 2026
Assessing Earth's skin temperature trends: consistent signals from IASI, MODIS, ESA CCI and ERA5
Sarah Safieddine
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
ARCHES Team, INRIA, Paris, France
Selviga Sinnathamby
LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
Juliette Hadji-Lazaro
LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
Marie Doutriaux-Boucher
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Darmstadt, Germany
Darren Ghent
National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Simon Whitburn
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Brussels, Belgium
Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (KMI-IRM), Atmospheric Composition, Measurements and Modelling division (ACM²), Brussels, Belgium
Lieven Clarisse
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Brussels, Belgium
Cathy Clerbaux
LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Brussels, Belgium
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Selviga Sinnathamby, Sarah Safieddine, Anne Boynard, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Solène Turquety, Simon Whitburn, Lieven Clarisse, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, Pierre Coheur, and Cathy Clerbaux
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4393, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4393, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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South and East Asia have experienced contrasting air pollution changes over recent decades, with implications for regional surface temperature. Using satellite observations and CMIP6 simulations, we assess how pollutant trends relate to temperature changes and whether models reproduce these contrasts. While CMIP6 models capture some air pollution changes under certain scenarios, they fail to reproduce the regional temperature contrast, highlighting the need for extended historical simulations.
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Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12505–12523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12505-2023, 2023
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Ammonia emissions from agricultural activities will inevitably increase with the rise in population. We use a variety of datasets (satellite, reanalysis, and model simulation) to calculate the first regional map of ammonia emission potential during the start of the growing season in Europe. We then apply our developed method using a climate model to show the effect of the temperature increase on future ammonia columns under two possible climate scenarios.
Florent Tencé, Julien Jumelet, Marie Bouillon, David Cugnet, Slimane Bekki, Sarah Safieddine, Philippe Keckhut, and Alain Sarkissian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 431–451, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-431-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-431-2023, 2023
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Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are critical precursors to stratospheric ozone depletion, and measurement-driven classifications remain a key to accurate cloud modelling. We present PSC lidar observations conducted at the French Antarctic station Dumont d'Urville between 2007 and 2020. This dataset is analyzed using typical PSC classification schemes. We present a PSC climatology along with a significant and slightly negative 14-year trend of PSC occurences of −4.6 PSC days per decade.
Camille Viatte, Rimal Abeed, Shoma Yamanouchi, William C. Porter, Sarah Safieddine, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, Beatriz Herrera, Michel Grutter, Pierre-Francois Coheur, Kimberly Strong, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12907–12922, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12907-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12907-2022, 2022
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Large cities can experience high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution linked to ammonia (NH3) mainly emitted from agricultural activities. Using a combination of PM2.5 and NH3 measurements from in situ instruments, satellite infrared spectrometers, and atmospheric model simulations, we have demonstrated the role of NH3 and meteorological conditions on pollution events occurring over Paris, Toronto, and Mexico City.
Marie Bouillon, Sarah Safieddine, Simon Whitburn, Lieven Clarisse, Filipe Aires, Victor Pellet, Olivier Lezeaux, Noëlle A. Scott, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1779–1793, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1779-2022, 2022
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The IASI instruments have been observing Earth since 2007. We use a neural network to retrieve atmospheric temperatures. This new temperature data record is validated against other datasets and shows good agreement. We use this new dataset to compute trends over the 2008–2020 period. We found a warming of the troposphere, more important at the poles. In the stratosphere, we found that temperatures decrease everywhere except at the South Pole. The cooling is more pronounced at the South pole.
Selviga Sinnathamby, Sarah Safieddine, Anne Boynard, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Solène Turquety, Simon Whitburn, Lieven Clarisse, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, Pierre Coheur, and Cathy Clerbaux
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4393, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4393, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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South and East Asia have experienced contrasting air pollution changes over recent decades, with implications for regional surface temperature. Using satellite observations and CMIP6 simulations, we assess how pollutant trends relate to temperature changes and whether models reproduce these contrasts. While CMIP6 models capture some air pollution changes under certain scenarios, they fail to reproduce the regional temperature contrast, highlighting the need for extended historical simulations.
Simeng Li, Enrico Dammers, Beatriz Herrera, Arjo Segers, Mark W. Shephard, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, Shelley van der Graaf, Roy Wichink Kruit, and Jan Willem Erisman
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4245, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4245, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems (GI).
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Ammonia from agriculture can harm ecosystems and air quality, but tracking emissions accurately is difficult. We developed a method combining in situ measurements and satellite observations to estimate ammonia emissions across the Netherlands. In situ measurement captures local detail while satellites provide broad coverage; combining both improves estimates. We also identified where new measurement stations would most improve emission monitoring, helping guide future network design.
Oscar Rojas-Munoz, Constantin Ardilouze, Bertrand Bonan, Diane Tzanos, Darren Ghent, Céline Lamarche, Thomas Nagler, and Jean-Christophe Calvet
The Cryosphere, 20, 4099–4115, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4099-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4099-2026, 2026
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This study evaluated how updating land cover maps, such as forests, grasslands, and croplands, affects simulations of snow and land surface temperatures across Europe from 2010 to 2022. Results using older, less detailed maps were compared with those from newer, high-resolution data. The updated maps improved the accuracy of snow predictions, particularly in areas where grasslands transitioned to forests. However, the improvements were less noticeable for temperature simulations.
Darrell Smith, Darren Ghent, Karen Veal, and Thomas Dowling
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1953, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Earth Observation (EO).
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Traditional satellite drought monitoring becomes computationally prohibitive when scaling to larger areas and high-resolution sensors. We developed a statistical method that approximates temperature-vegetation relationships using daily summaries rather than processing millions of individual measurements. Testing in New Zealand across multiple years proved the approach maintains strong performance while significantly reducing compute, processing time and data storage requirements.
Tyler Wizenberg, Enrico Dammers, Arjo Segers, Mark W. Shephard, Pierre Coheur, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Henk Eskes, Roy Wichink Kruit, Shelley van der Graaf, and Martijn Schaap
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 9589–9623, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9589-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9589-2026, 2026
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We combined five years of satellite data on ammonia and nitrogen dioxide concentrations with a regional model to better estimate nitrogen emissions and deposition in the Netherlands. This improved the accuracy of pollution maps and trends, especially in agricultural regions. Our approach helps identify when and where emissions are highest, supporting better air quality management and environmental protection by showing the benefits of using multiple complimentary satellite datasets together.
Mengya Sheng, Runyi Zhou, Jiancong Hua, Shan Han, Shangyi Liu, Lin Zhang, Wei Wang, Ruijun Dang, Hansen Cao, Zichong Chen, Yixuan Gu, Mingxu Liu, Lu Lee, Chengli Qi, Feng Lu, Changpei Han, Mark W. Shephard, Nadir Guendouz, Camille Viatte, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Cathy Clerbaux, and Zhao-Cheng Zeng
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Geostationary observations of NH3 provide an unprecedented opportunity to monitor spatial and temporal variations in emissions and their evolution throughout the day. Using 3 years of observations from FY-4B/GIIRS over East Asia, we demonstrated the enhanced capability of geostationary observations to identify emission sources and capture daytime variations associated with agricultural activities. This shows the potential of future geostationary satellites for monitoring air quality globally.
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Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 5375–5406, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5375-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5375-2026, 2026
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Shangyi Liu, Yingjun Zheng, Mengya Sheng, Lu Lee, Chengli Qi, Feng Lu, Bruno Franco, Lieven Clarisse, Cathy Clerbaux, Nicolas Theys, Jhoon Kim, and Zhao-Cheng Zeng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1745, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1745, 2026
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Volcanic sulfur dioxide evolves rapidly after an eruption, which makes it challenging to monitor. Taking the 2024 Kanlaon eruption as a case study, we propose using a constellation of GEO and LEO satellites to track SO2 mass and layer height at high frequency. In particular, we present the first quantitative SO2 retrieval from a GEO hyperspectral infrared sounder (FY-4B/GIIRS). This research provides a vital blueprint for the future global monitoring of volcanic events.
Lieven Clarisse, Bruno Franco, Lorenzo Fabris, Nicolas Theys, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Daniel Hurtmans, Cathy Clerbaux, and Pierre Coheur
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-186, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-186, 2026
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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Gunnar Myhre, Øivind Hodnebrog, Srinath Krishnan, Maria Sand, Marit Sandstad, Ragnhild B. Skeie, Lieven Clarisse, Bruno Franco, Dylan B. Millet, Kelley C. Wells, Alexander Archibald, Hannah N. Bryant, Alex T. Chaudhri, David S. Stevenson, Didier Hauglustaine, Michael Prather, J. Christopher Kaiser, Dirk J. L. Olivie, Michael Schulz, Oliver Wild, Ye Wang, Thérèse Salameh, Jason E. Williams, Philippe Le Sager, Fabien Paulot, Kostas Tsigaridis, and Haley E. Plaas
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 2577–2591, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2577-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2577-2026, 2026
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Lorenzo Fabris, Nicolas Theys, Lieven Clarisse, Bruno Franco, Jonas Vlietinck, Huan Yu, Hugues Brenot, Thomas Danckaert, Pascal Hedelt, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 1801–1824, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1801-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1801-2026, 2026
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In this study, we developed an improved algorithm to retrieve the sulfur dioxide plume height and column density from the spectral band 2 of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. We tested its sensitivity to various conditions and applied it to real volcanic eruptions. Overall, our approach shows high precision, accuracy, and sensitivity, and the results are consistent with other satellite measurements.
Zitong Li, Kang Sun, Kaiyu Guan, Sheng Wang, Bin Peng, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, Karen Cady-Pereira, Mark W. Shephard, Mark Zondlo, and Daniel Moore
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 703–721, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-703-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-703-2026, 2026
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We estimate ammonia fluxes over the contiguous U.S. from 2008 to 2022 using a directional derivative approach applied to satellite observations from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS). The resulting flux estimates reveal pronounced seasonal and spatial patterns driven by agricultural activities and indicate substantial local deposition to surrounding vegetation, underscoring the need for improved monitoring and management strategies.
Bethan L. Harris, Christopher M. Taylor, Wouter Dorigo, Ruxandra-Maria Zotta, Darren Ghent, and Iván Noguera
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 6917–6933, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6917-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6917-2025, 2025
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An improved understanding of land-atmosphere coupling processes during flash (rapid-onset) droughts is needed to aid the development of forecasts for these events. We use satellite observations to investigate the surface energy budget during flash droughts globally. The most intense events show a perturbed surface energy budget months before onset. In some regions, vegetation observations 1–2 months before onset provide information on the likelihood of heat extremes during an event.
Anu-Maija Sundström, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, Soheila Jafariserajehlou, Dominika Leskow-Czyzewska, Simone Mantovani, Noemi Fazzini, Bertrand Fougnie, and Federico Fierli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 7267–7295, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7267-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7267-2025, 2025
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This study evaluates dust particles, their identification, amount and variability in the atmosphere using Metop-satellite observations from 2007 to 2019. Results show reliable detection of dust and consistent spatial and seasonal patterns. Dust-dominated observations have moderate to good accuracy against ground-based measurements, though biases and outliers occur. Sampling density varies across regions, but satellites still provide valuable contributions to global dust monitoring.
Arno Keppens, Daan Hubert, José Granville, Oindrila Nath, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Catherine Wespes, Pierre-François Coheur, Cathy Clerbaux, Anne Boynard, Richard Siddans, Barry Latter, Brian Kerridge, Serena Di Pede, Pepijn Veefkind, Juan Cuesta, Gaelle Dufour, Klaus-Peter Heue, Melanie Coldewey-Egbers, Diego Loyola, Andrea Orfanoz-Cheuquelaf, Swathi Maratt Satheesan, Kai-Uwe Eichmann, Alexei Rozanov, Viktoria F. Sofieva, Jerald R. Ziemke, Antje Inness, Roeland Van Malderen, and Lars Hoffmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 6893–6916, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6893-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6893-2025, 2025
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The first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) encountered discrepancies between several satellite sensors’ estimates of the distribution and change of ozone in the free troposphere. Therefore, contributing to the second TOAR, we harmonise as much as possible the observational perspective of sixteen tropospheric ozone products from satellites. This only partially accounts for the observed discrepancies, with a reduction of 10–40 % of the inter-product dispersion upon harmonisation.
Pramod Kumar, Grégoire Broquet, Didier Hauglustaine, Maureen Beaudor, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre Coheur, Anne Cozic, Bo Zheng, Beatriz Revilla Romero, Antony Delavois, and Philippe Ciais
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 12379–12407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12379-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12379-2025, 2025
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Global maps of the NH3 emissions over 2019–2022 are derived using IASI NH3 spaceborne observations, the LMDZ-INCA chemistry transport model at 1.27°×2.5° resolution, and the mass-balance approach. The average global NH3 emissions over the period are ~97 Tg NH3 yr-1, which is significantly higher than three reference inventories. The analysis provides confidence in the seasonal variability and regional budgets and provides new insights into NH3 emissions at global and regional scales.
Anne Boynard, Catherine Wespes, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Selviga Sinnathamby, Daniel Hurtmans, Pierre-François Coheur, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, Jacobus Onderwaater, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Elyse A. Pennington, Kevin Bowman, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 11719–11755, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11719-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11719-2025, 2025
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This study analyzes 16 years of global ozone data to assess its impact on air quality and climate. Using satellite measurements, we observed a global decrease in tropospheric ozone, particularly in tropical and European regions. The drop became more noticeable around 2020, partly due to reduced emissions during the pandemic. The study highlights the need for better data processing and integration to more accurately monitor ozone changes over time.
Tristan Millet, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Nelson Bègue, Alexandre Baron, Valentin Duflot, Cathy Clerbaux, Pierre-François Coheur, Andrea Pazmiño, Michaël Sicard, Anne Boynard, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Payen, Nicolas Marquestaut, and Sophie Godin-Beekmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 10887–10905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10887-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10887-2025, 2025
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On 15 January 2022, the Hunga volcano erupted, releasing sulfur dioxide and water vapor into the stratosphere, impacting ozone levels over the Indian Ocean. Satellite data show the presence of a transient ozone depletion event related to the water vapor anomalies and sulfate aerosol clouds. Ozone reduction was confined to two distinct layers. On 21 January, the fifth percentile of total and stratospheric column ozone anomalies reached −18.6 and −14.5 DU, respectively.
Lara Noppen, Lieven Clarisse, Frederik Tack, Thomas Ruhtz, Martin Van Damme, Michel Van Roozendael, Dirk Schuettemeyer, and Pierre Coheur
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 4183–4205, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4183-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4183-2025, 2025
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Current infrared satellite sounders offer high spectral but low spatial resolution, limiting their ability to quantify atmospheric ammonia (NH3) at small scales. Through simulations and analysis of real data, we show that NH3 can be measured effectively from spectra with reduced resolution, either in a contiguous spectral range or in select well-chosen bands. This approach opens possibilities for the development of smaller dedicated instruments for observing NH3 at high spatial resolution.
Antoine Ehret, Solène Turquety, Maya George, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6365–6394, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6365-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6365-2025, 2025
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Biomass burning has a considerable effect on the chemical composition of the atmosphere and climate, due to the emission of trace gases and aerosols. We examine the relationship between fire variability and the values of carbon monoxide and aerosol optical depth observed by satellites. The observed increase in wildfires has led to a corresponding rise in the mean and extreme values of carbon monoxide and aerosol optical depth during the summer and early autumn across the Northern Hemisphere.
Maureen Beaudor, Didier Hauglustaine, Juliette Lathière, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, and Nicolas Vuichard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2017–2046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2017-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2017-2025, 2025
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Agriculture is the biggest ammonia (NH3) source, impacting air quality, climate, and ecosystems. Because of food demand, NH3 emissions are projected to rise by 2100. Using a global model, we analyzed the impact of present and future NH3 emissions generated from a land model. Our results show improved ammonia patterns compared to a reference inventory. Future scenarios predict up to 70 % increase in global NH3 burden, with significant changes in radiative forcing that can greatly elevate N2O.
Brice Barret, Pierre Loicq, Eric Le Flochmoën, Yasmine Bennouna, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Daniel Hurtmans, and Bastien Sauvage
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 129–149, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-129-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-129-2025, 2025
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Profiles of carbon monoxide (CO) retrieved from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) with the SOftware for a Fast Retrieval of IASI Data (SOFRID) and Fast Optimal Retrievals on Layers for IASI (FORLI) are validated with 8500 observations at 33 airports from the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) for 2008–2019. IASI retrievals underestimate CO, with stronger bias in the middle to upper troposphere for SOFRID and in the lower troposphere for FORLI.
Monica Crippa, Diego Guizzardi, Federico Pagani, Marcello Schiavina, Michele Melchiorri, Enrico Pisoni, Francesco Graziosi, Marilena Muntean, Joachim Maes, Lewis Dijkstra, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, and Pierre Coheur
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2811–2830, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2811-2024, 2024
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Knowing where emissions occur is essential for planning effective emission reduction measures and atmospheric modelling. Disaggregating national emissions over high-resolution grids requires spatial proxies that contain information on the location of different emission sources. This work incorporates state-of-the-art spatial information to improve the spatial representation of global emissions with the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR).
Jean-Paul Vernier, Thomas J. Aubry, Claudia Timmreck, Anja Schmidt, Lieven Clarisse, Fred Prata, Nicolas Theys, Andrew T. Prata, Graham Mann, Hyundeok Choi, Simon Carn, Richard Rigby, Susan C. Loughlin, and John A. Stevenson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5765–5782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5765-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5765-2024, 2024
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The 2019 Raikoke eruption (Kamchatka, Russia) generated one of the largest emissions of particles and gases into the stratosphere since the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption. The Volcano Response (VolRes) initiative, an international effort, provided a platform for the community to share information about this eruption and assess its climate impact. The eruption led to a minor global surface cooling of 0.02 °C in 2020 which is negligible relative to warming induced by human greenhouse gas emissions.
Bruno Franco, Lieven Clarisse, Nicolas Theys, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Cathy Clerbaux, and Pierre Coheur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4973–5007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4973-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4973-2024, 2024
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Using IASI global infrared measurements, we retrieve nitrous acid (HONO) in fire plumes from space. We detect large enhancements of pyrogenic HONO worldwide, especially from intense wildfires at Northern Hemisphere mid- and high latitudes. Predominance of IASI nighttime over daytime measurements sheds light on HONO's extended lifetime and secondary formation during long-range transport in smoke plumes. Our findings deepen the understanding of atmospheric HONO, crucial for air quality assessment.
Dominik Rains, Isabel Trigo, Emanuel Dutra, Sofia Ermida, Darren Ghent, Petra Hulsman, Jose Gómez-Dans, and Diego G. Miralles
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 567–593, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-567-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-567-2024, 2024
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Land surface temperature and surface net radiation are vital inputs for many land surface and hydrological models. However, current remote sensing datasets of these variables come mostly at coarse resolutions, and the few high-resolution datasets available have large gaps due to cloud cover. Here, we present a continuous daily product for both variables across Europe for 2018–2019 obtained by combining observations from geostationary as well as polar-orbiting satellites.
Camille Viatte, Nadir Guendouz, Clarisse Dufaux, Arjan Hensen, Daan Swart, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre Coheur, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15253–15267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15253-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15253-2023, 2023
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Ammonia (NH3) is an important air pollutant which, as a precursor of fine particulate matter, raises public health concerns. Models have difficulty predicting events of pollution associated with NH3 since ground-based observations of this gas are still relatively sparse and difficult to implement. We present the first relatively long (2.5 years) and continuous record of hourly NH3 concentrations in Paris to determine its temporal variabilities at different scales to unravel emission sources.
Lieven Clarisse, Bruno Franco, Martin Van Damme, Tommaso Di Gioacchino, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Simon Whitburn, Lara Noppen, Daniel Hurtmans, Cathy Clerbaux, and Pierre Coheur
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5009–5028, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5009-2023, 2023
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Ammonia is an important atmospheric pollutant. This article presents version 4 of the algorithm which retrieves ammonia abundances from the infrared measurements of the satellite sounder IASI. A measurement operator is introduced that can emulate the measurements (so-called averaging kernels) and measurement uncertainty is better characterized. Several other changes to the product itself are also documented, most of which improve the temporal consistency of the 2007–2022 IASI NH3 dataset.
Rui Wang, Da Pan, Xuehui Guo, Kang Sun, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, Cathy Clerbaux, Melissa Puchalski, and Mark A. Zondlo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13217–13234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13217-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13217-2023, 2023
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Ammonia (NH3) is a key precursor for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and a primary form of reactive nitrogen, yet it has sparse ground measurements. We perform the first comprehensive comparison between ground observations and satellite retrievals in the US, demonstrating that satellite NH3 data can help fill spatial gaps in the current ground monitoring networks. Trend analyses using both datasets highlight increasing NH3 trends across the US, including the NH3 hotspots and urban areas.
Rimal Abeed, Camille Viatte, William C. Porter, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Cathy Clerbaux, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, and Sarah Safieddine
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12505–12523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12505-2023, 2023
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Ammonia emissions from agricultural activities will inevitably increase with the rise in population. We use a variety of datasets (satellite, reanalysis, and model simulation) to calculate the first regional map of ammonia emission potential during the start of the growing season in Europe. We then apply our developed method using a climate model to show the effect of the temperature increase on future ammonia columns under two possible climate scenarios.
Money Ossohou, Jonathan Edward Hickman, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre-François Coheur, Martin Van Damme, Marcellin Adon, Véronique Yoboué, Eric Gardrat, Maria Dias Alvès, and Corinne Galy-Lacaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9473–9494, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9473-2023, 2023
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The updated analyses of ground-based concentrations and satellite total vertical columns of atmospheric ammonia help us to better understand 21st century ammonia dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa. We conclude that the drivers of trends are agriculture in the dry savanna of Katibougou, Mali; air temperature and agriculture in the wet savanna of Djougou, Benin, and Lamto, Côte d'Ivoire; and leaf area index, air temperature, residential, and agriculture in forests of Bomassa, Republic of Congo.
Zhao-Cheng Zeng, Lu Lee, Chengli Qi, Lieven Clarisse, and Martin Van Damme
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3693–3713, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3693-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3693-2023, 2023
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This study presents an NH3 retrieval algorithm based on the optimal estimation method for the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) on board China’s FengYun-4B satellite (FY-4B/GIIRS). Retrieval results demonstrate the capability of FY-4B/GIIRS in capturing the diurnal NH3 changes in East Asia. This operational geostationary observation by FY-4B/GIIRS represents an important advancement over the twice-per-day observations provided by current low-Earth-orbit (LEO) instruments.
Adrien Vu Van, Anne Boynard, Pascal Prunet, Dominique Jolivet, Olivier Lezeaux, Patrice Henry, Claude Camy-Peyret, Lieven Clarisse, Bruno Franco, Pierre-François Coheur, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2107–2127, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2107-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2107-2023, 2023
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With its near-real-time observations and good horizontal coverage, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument can contribute to the monitoring systems for a systematic and continuous detection of exceptional atmospheric events such as fires, anthropogenic pollution episodes, volcanic eruptions, or industrial releases. In this paper, a new approach is described for the detection and characterization of unexpected events in terms of trace gases using IASI radiance spectra.
Maureen Beaudor, Nicolas Vuichard, Juliette Lathière, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, and Didier Hauglustaine
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1053–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1053-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1053-2023, 2023
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Ammonia mainly comes from the agricultural sector, and its volatilization relies on environmental variables. Our approach aims at benefiting from an Earth system model framework to estimate it. By doing so, we represent a consistent spatial distribution of the emissions' response to environmental changes.
We greatly improved the seasonal cycle of emissions compared with previous work. In addition, our model includes natural soil emissions (that are rarely represented in modeling approaches).
Florent Tencé, Julien Jumelet, Marie Bouillon, David Cugnet, Slimane Bekki, Sarah Safieddine, Philippe Keckhut, and Alain Sarkissian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 431–451, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-431-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-431-2023, 2023
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Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are critical precursors to stratospheric ozone depletion, and measurement-driven classifications remain a key to accurate cloud modelling. We present PSC lidar observations conducted at the French Antarctic station Dumont d'Urville between 2007 and 2020. This dataset is analyzed using typical PSC classification schemes. We present a PSC climatology along with a significant and slightly negative 14-year trend of PSC occurences of −4.6 PSC days per decade.
Simon Whitburn, Lieven Clarisse, Marc Crapeau, Thomas August, Tim Hultberg, Pierre François Coheur, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6653–6668, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6653-2022, 2022
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With more than 15 years of measurements, the IASI radiance dataset is becoming a reference climate data record. Its exploitation for satellite applications requires an accurate and unbiased detection of cloud scenes. Here, we present a new cloud detection algorithm for IASI that is both sensitive and consistent over time. It is based on the use of a neural network, relying on IASI radiance information only and taking as a reference the last version of the operational IASI L2 cloud product.
Beatriz Herrera, Alejandro Bezanilla, Thomas Blumenstock, Enrico Dammers, Frank Hase, Lieven Clarisse, Adolfo Magaldi, Claudia Rivera, Wolfgang Stremme, Kimberly Strong, Camille Viatte, Martin Van Damme, and Michel Grutter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14119–14132, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14119-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14119-2022, 2022
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This work investigates atmospheric ammonia (NH3), a key trace gas with consequences for the environment and human health, in Mexico City. The results from the ground-based and satellite instruments show the variability and spatial distribution of NH3 over this region. NH3 in Mexico City has been increasing for the past 10 years and most of its sources are urban. This work contributes to a better understanding of NH3 sources and variability in urban and remote areas.
Camille Viatte, Rimal Abeed, Shoma Yamanouchi, William C. Porter, Sarah Safieddine, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, Beatriz Herrera, Michel Grutter, Pierre-Francois Coheur, Kimberly Strong, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12907–12922, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12907-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12907-2022, 2022
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Large cities can experience high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution linked to ammonia (NH3) mainly emitted from agricultural activities. Using a combination of PM2.5 and NH3 measurements from in situ instruments, satellite infrared spectrometers, and atmospheric model simulations, we have demonstrated the role of NH3 and meteorological conditions on pollution events occurring over Paris, Toronto, and Mexico City.
Johannes Quaas, Hailing Jia, Chris Smith, Anna Lea Albright, Wenche Aas, Nicolas Bellouin, Olivier Boucher, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, Piers M. Forster, Daniel Grosvenor, Stuart Jenkins, Zbigniew Klimont, Norman G. Loeb, Xiaoyan Ma, Vaishali Naik, Fabien Paulot, Philip Stier, Martin Wild, Gunnar Myhre, and Michael Schulz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12221–12239, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022, 2022
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Pollution particles cool climate and offset part of the global warming. However, they are washed out by rain and thus their effect responds quickly to changes in emissions. We show multiple datasets to demonstrate that aerosol emissions and their concentrations declined in many regions influenced by human emissions, as did the effects on clouds. Consequently, the cooling impact on the Earth energy budget became smaller. This change in trend implies a relative warming.
Ioanna Karagali, Magnus Barfod Suhr, Ruth Mottram, Pia Nielsen-Englyst, Gorm Dybkjær, Darren Ghent, and Jacob L. Høyer
The Cryosphere, 16, 3703–3721, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3703-2022, 2022
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Ice surface temperature (IST) products were used to develop the first multi-sensor, gap-free Level 4 (L4) IST product of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) for 2012, when a significant melt event occurred. For the melt season, mean IST was −15 to −1 °C, and almost the entire GIS experienced at least 1 to 5 melt days. Inclusion of the L4 IST to a surface mass budget (SMB) model improved simulated surface temperatures during the key onset of the melt season, where biases are typically large.
Catherine Wespes, Gaetane Ronsmans, Lieven Clarisse, Susan Solomon, Daniel Hurtmans, Cathy Clerbaux, and Pierre-François Coheur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10993–11007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10993-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10993-2022, 2022
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The first 10-year data record (2008–2017) of HNO3 total columns measured by the IASI-A/MetOp infrared sounder is exploited to monitor the relationship between the temperature decrease and the HNO3 loss observed each year in the Antarctic stratosphere during the polar night. We verify the recurrence of specific regimes in the cycle of IASI HNO3 and identify the day and the 50 hPa temperature (
drop temperature) corresponding to the onset of denitrification in Antarctic winter for each year.
Nicolas Theys, Christophe Lerot, Hugues Brenot, Jeroen van Gent, Isabelle De Smedt, Lieven Clarisse, Mike Burton, Matthew Varnam, Catherine Hayer, Benjamin Esse, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4801–4817, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4801-2022, 2022
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Sulfur dioxide plume height after a volcanic eruption is an important piece of information for many different scientific studies and applications. Satellite UV retrievals are useful in this respect, but available algorithms have shown so far limited sensitivity to SO2 height. Here we present a new technique to improve the retrieval of SO2 plume height for SO2 columns as low as 5 DU. We demonstrate the algorithm using TROPOMI measurements and compare with other height estimates.
Zhenqi Luo, Yuzhong Zhang, Wei Chen, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, and Lieven Clarisse
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10375–10388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10375-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10375-2022, 2022
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We quantify global ammonia (NH3) emissions over the period from 2008 to 2018 using an improved fast top-down method that incorporates Infrared Atmospheric
Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite observations and GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemical simulations. The top-down analysis finds a global total NH3 emission that is 30 % higher than the bottom-up estimate, largely reconciling a large discrepancy of more than a factor of 2 found in previous top-down studies using the same satellite data.
Maria-Elissavet Koukouli, Konstantinos Michailidis, Pascal Hedelt, Isabelle A. Taylor, Antje Inness, Lieven Clarisse, Dimitris Balis, Dmitry Efremenko, Diego Loyola, Roy G. Grainger, and Christian Retscher
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5665–5683, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5665-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5665-2022, 2022
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Volcanic eruptions eject large amounts of ash and trace gases into the atmosphere. The use of space-borne instruments enables the global monitoring of volcanic SO2 emissions in an economical and risk-free manner. The main aim of this paper is to present its extensive verification, accomplished within the ESA S5P+I: SO2LH project, over major recent volcanic eruptions, against collocated space-borne measurements, as well as assess its impact on the forecasts provided by CAMS.
Andrea Pozzer, Simon F. Reifenberg, Vinod Kumar, Bruno Franco, Matthias Kohl, Domenico Taraborrelli, Sergey Gromov, Sebastian Ehrhart, Patrick Jöckel, Rolf Sander, Veronica Fall, Simon Rosanka, Vlassis Karydis, Dimitris Akritidis, Tamara Emmerichs, Monica Crippa, Diego Guizzardi, Johannes W. Kaiser, Lieven Clarisse, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Holger Tost, and Alexandra Tsimpidi
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2673–2710, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2673-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2673-2022, 2022
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A newly developed setup of the chemistry general circulation model EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy for Atmospheric Chemistry) is evaluated here. A comprehensive organic degradation mechanism is used and coupled with a volatility base model.
The results show that the model reproduces most of the tracers and aerosols satisfactorily but shows discrepancies for oxygenated organic gases. It is also shown that this model configuration can be used for further research in atmospheric chemistry.
Marie Bouillon, Sarah Safieddine, Simon Whitburn, Lieven Clarisse, Filipe Aires, Victor Pellet, Olivier Lezeaux, Noëlle A. Scott, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1779–1793, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1779-2022, 2022
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The IASI instruments have been observing Earth since 2007. We use a neural network to retrieve atmospheric temperatures. This new temperature data record is validated against other datasets and shows good agreement. We use this new dataset to compute trends over the 2008–2020 period. We found a warming of the troposphere, more important at the poles. In the stratosphere, we found that temperatures decrease everywhere except at the South Pole. The cooling is more pronounced at the South pole.
Nicolas Theys, Vitali Fioletov, Can Li, Isabelle De Smedt, Christophe Lerot, Chris McLinden, Nickolay Krotkov, Debora Griffin, Lieven Clarisse, Pascal Hedelt, Diego Loyola, Thomas Wagner, Vinod Kumar, Antje Innes, Roberto Ribas, François Hendrick, Jonas Vlietinck, Hugues Brenot, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16727–16744, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16727-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16727-2021, 2021
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We present a new algorithm to retrieve sulfur dioxide from space UV measurements. We apply the technique to high-resolution TROPOMI measurements and demonstrate the high sensitivity of the approach to weak SO2 emissions worldwide with an unprecedented limit of detection of 8 kt yr−1. This result has broad implications for atmospheric science studies dealing with improving emission inventories and identifying and quantifying missing sources, in the context of air quality and climate.
Jonathan E. Hickman, Niels Andela, Enrico Dammers, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre-François Coheur, Martin Van Damme, Courtney A. Di Vittorio, Money Ossohou, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Kostas Tsigaridis, and Susanne E. Bauer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16277–16291, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16277-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16277-2021, 2021
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Ammonia (NH3) gas emitted from soils and biomass burning contributes to particulate air pollution. We used satellite observations of the atmosphere over Africa to show that declines in NH3 concentrations over South Sudan's Sudd wetland in 2008–2017 are related to variation in wetland extent. We also find NH3 concentrations increased in West Africa as a result of biomass burning and increased in the Lake Victoria region, likely due to agricultural expansion and intensification.
Hugues Brenot, Nicolas Theys, Lieven Clarisse, Jeroen van Gent, Daniel R. Hurtmans, Sophie Vandenbussche, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Lucia Mona, Timo Virtanen, Andreas Uppstu, Mikhail Sofiev, Luca Bugliaro, Margarita Vázquez-Navarro, Pascal Hedelt, Michelle Maree Parks, Sara Barsotti, Mauro Coltelli, William Moreland, Simona Scollo, Giuseppe Salerno, Delia Arnold-Arias, Marcus Hirtl, Tuomas Peltonen, Juhani Lahtinen, Klaus Sievers, Florian Lipok, Rolf Rüfenacht, Alexander Haefele, Maxime Hervo, Saskia Wagenaar, Wim Som de Cerff, Jos de Laat, Arnoud Apituley, Piet Stammes, Quentin Laffineur, Andy Delcloo, Robertson Lennart, Carl-Herbert Rokitansky, Arturo Vargas, Markus Kerschbaum, Christian Resch, Raimund Zopp, Matthieu Plu, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Michel Van Roozendael, and Gerhard Wotawa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3367–3405, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3367-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3367-2021, 2021
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The purpose of the EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation) prototype early warning system (EWS) is to develop the combined use of harmonised data products from satellite, ground-based and in situ instruments to produce alerts of airborne hazards (volcanic, dust, smoke and radionuclide clouds), satisfying the requirement of aviation air traffic management (ATM) stakeholders (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/723986).
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Short summary
Land and sea surface temperatures, collectively called skin temperature (Tskin), are available from satellite measurements since few decades now and provide a holistic view of the Earth's climate system. Here we review 6 different datasets of Tskin to show that climate change signature is clear from the different datasets with notable exception, such as a significant cooling in India, parts of Africa and the Pacific.
Land and sea surface temperatures, collectively called skin temperature (Tskin), are available...
