Assessing Earth's skin temperature trends: consistent signals from IASI, MODIS, ESA CCI and ERA5

Safieddine, Sarah; Sinnathamby, Selviga; Hadji-Lazaro, Juliette; Doutriaux-Boucher, Marie; Ghent, Darren; Whitburn, Simon; Clarisse, Lieven; Clerbaux, Cathy

doi:10.5194/eo-1-59-2026

Articles | Volume 1, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/eo-1-59-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/eo-1-59-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 1, issue 1

Research article

|

04 Sep 2026

Research article |

| 04 Sep 2026

Assessing Earth's skin temperature trends: consistent signals from IASI, MODIS, ESA CCI and ERA5

Sarah Safieddine, Selviga Sinnathamby, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, Darren Ghent, Simon Whitburn, Lieven Clarisse, and Cathy Clerbaux

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/eo-1-59-2026-supplement

Data sets

IASI-FT Skin Temperature (from IASI/Metop-A) version 202407 Sarah Safieddine https://doi.org/10.21413/IASI-FT_METOPA_SKT_L3_LATMOS-ULB

IASI-FT Skin Temperature (from IASI/Metop-B) version 202407 Sarah Safieddine https://doi.org/10.21413/IASI-FT_METOPB_SKT_L3_LATMOS-ULB

IASI All Sky Temperature and Humidity Profiles - Climate Data Record Release 1.1 - Metop-A and -B EUMETSAT https://doi.org/10.15770/EUM_SEC_CLM_0063

MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Monthly L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V061 Z. Wan et al. https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD11C3.061

ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present Copernicus Climate Change Service https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.f17050d7

ESA Land Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (LST_cci): Daily multisensor Infra-Red (IR) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) land surface temperature (LST) time series level 3 supercollated (L3S) global product (1995-2024), version 3.00 Darren Ghent et al. https://doi.org/10.5285/e67b02b814bf4a78b9ec90b4259f0741

ESA SST CCI and C3S reprocessed sea surface temperature analyses E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS) https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00169

Model code and software

sarahsafieddine/utc-to-local-time: With DOI (Version addedDOI) Sarah Safieddine https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22281753

Short summary

Land and sea surface temperatures, collectively called skin temperature (Tskin), are available from satellite measurements since few decades now and provide a holistic view of the Earth's climate system. Here we review 6 different datasets of Tskin to show that climate change signature is clear from the different datasets with notable exception, such as a significant cooling in India, parts of Africa and the Pacific.